有机化学实验 英文【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

有机化学实验 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 General Rules for Organic Chemistry Laboratory1

1.2 Safe Laboratory Practice and First Aid in Case of an Accident2

1.2.1 Prevention of Fires and First Aid in Case of a Fire2

1.2.2 Prevention of Explosions3

1.2.3 First Aid for Cuts and Scalds3

1.2.4 Prevention of Damages from Hazardous Chemicals and First Aid for Chemical Burns3

1.2.5 Toxicity and Safety Data of Chemicals4

1.2.6 Disposal of Chemical Wastes7

1.3 Information Sources for Experimental Organic Chemistry8

1.3.1 Important Handbooks and Dictionaries8

1.3.2 Important Journals Involving Organic Experiment9

1.3.3 Important Online Resources10

1.4 Common Glassware and Apparatus10

1.4.1 Names and Uses of Common Glassware10

1.4.2 Cleaning and Drying Glassware14

1.4.3 Common Organic Lab Apparatus15

1.4.4 Assembling and Disassembling Apparatus18

1.5 Preparation and Notebook for the Laboratory21

1.5.1 Laboratory Preparation Note22

1.5.2 Experimental Record22

1.5.3 Sample Calculation for Notebook Records23

1.5.4 Laboratory Notebook Formats24

1.5.5 Experimental Report27

Chapter 2 Basic Techniques for Organic Experiments29

2.1 Working on Glass Tubes29

2.1.1 Cutting and Bending Glass Tubes29

2.1.2 Stretching Glass Tubes30

2.2 Weighing,Measuring and Transferring Reagents31

2.2.1 Measuring and Transferring Liquids31

2.2.2 Weighing Methods33

2.3 Heating,Cooling and Stirring Methods34

2.3.1 Heating Methods and Precautions34

2.3.2 Cooling Methods and Coolants36

2.3.3 Stirring Methods and Equipment36

2.4 Extraction38

2.4.1 Liquid-Liquid Extraction38

2.4.2 Liquid-Solid Extraction39

2.5 Drying and Drying Agents40

2.5.1 Drying Organic Liquids40

2.5.2 Drying Solids43

2.6 Gas Traps43

2.7 Separating and Purifying Liquid Compounds44

2.7.1 Simple Distillation44

2.7.2 Fractional Distillation47

2.7.3 Vacuum Distillation49

2.7.4 Steam Distillation54

2.8 Separating and Purifying Solid Compounds56

2.8.1 Filtration Apparatus and Techniques56

2.8.2 Centrifugation and Decanting Solutions59

2.8.3 Evaporating Solvents59

2.8.4 Decolorizing Carbon60

2.8.5 Recrvstallization61

2.8.6 Sublimation63

2.9 Chromatography64

2.9.1 Column Chromatography65

2.9.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography(TLC)68

2.9.3 Gas Chromatography(GC)71

2.9.4 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)74

2.10 Measuring Physical Constants of Organic Compounds76

2.10.1 Melting Point76

2.10.2 Boiling Point80

2.10.3 Refractive Index81

2.10.4 Optical Rotation and Specific Rotation84

2.10.5 Relative Density86

2.11 Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds87

2.11.1 Infrared(IR) Spectroscopy87

2.11.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) Spectroscopy93

2.11.3 Ultra-Violet-Visible(UV-Vis) Spectroscopy98

2.12 Manipulation Techniques for Air-Sensitive Compounds101

2.12.1 General Introduction101

2.12.2 Basic Techniques for Handling Air-Sensitive Compounds102

Chapter 3 Basic Experiments104

3.1 Simple and Fractional Distillations:Separation of a Cyclohexane-Toluene Mixture（环己烷－甲苯混合物）104

3.2 Intramolecular Dehydration of Alcohols:Preparation of Cyclohexene（环己烯）108

3.3 Intermolecular Dehydration of Alcohols:Preparation of Dibutyl Ether（正丁醚）113

3.4 The SN2 Reaction:Preparation of 1-Bromobutane（1－溴丁烷）118

3.5 Decarboxylation of Dicarboxylic Acids:Preparation of Cyclopentanone（环戊酮）123

3.6 Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols to Ketones:Preparation of Cyclohexanone（环己酮）126

3.7 Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes:Preparation of Benzaldehyde（苯甲醛）131

3.8 Fischer Esterification of Carboxylic Acids:n-Butyl Acetate（乙酸正丁酯）134

3.9 Acetylation of Salicylic Acid:Preparation of Acetylsalicylic Acid（乙酰水杨酸）140

3.10 Amidation of Carboxylic Acids:Preparation of Acetanilide（乙酰苯胺）143

3.11 Friedel-Crafts Reaction:Preparation of Acetophenone（苯乙酮）148

3.12 The Claisen Ester Condensation:Preparation of Ethyl Acetoacetate（乙酰乙酸乙酯）154

3.13 Perkin Condensation:Preparation of Cinnamic Acid（肉桂酸）160

3.14 Cannizzaro Reaction:Preparation of Benzyl Alcohol（苯甲醇）and Benzoic Acid（苯甲酸）166

3.15 Carbene Additions with Phase-Transfer Catalysis:Preparation of 7,7-Dichlorobicyclo［4.1.0］heptane（7，7－二氯双环［4.1.0］庚烷）170

3.16 Nitration Reaction:Preparation of p-Nitroaniline（对硝基苯胺）175

3.17 Skraup Reaction:Preparation of Quinoline（喹啉）179

3.18 Electrochemical Synthesis:Preparation of Iodoform（碘仿）184

3.19 Extraction:Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves186

3.20 Thin-Layer and Column Chromatography:Isolation of a Red Pigment from Red Chilli190

Chapter 4 Comprehensive Experiments193

4.1 Preparation of 5-n-Butylmalonyl Urea（5-n-Butylbarbituric Acid，正丁基巴比妥酸）193

4.2 Diels-Alder Reaction:Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 9,10-Dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-Succinic Anhydride（9，10－二氢蒽－9，10－α，β－丁二酸酐）196

4.3 Grignard Reaction:Preparation of Methyl Triphenylmethyl Ether（甲基三苯甲基醚）199

4.4 Organometallic Chemistry:Preparation of n-Butyllithium（正丁基锂）and Titration of its Concentration202

Chapter 5 Self-Designing Experiments206

5.1 Identification of Functional Compounds206

5.2 Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Acetaminophenol（醋氨酚）207

Chapter 6 Investigative Experiments209

6.1 Studies on Synthetic Conditions for Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate（乙酸异戊酯）209

6.2 Preparation ofα-and β-D-Glucose Pentaacetates（五乙酸葡萄糖酯）211

6.3 Preparation of 9,9-Bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene（9，9－双（甲氧基甲基）芴）212

6.4 Preparation and Resolution of Racemic 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol（1，1'－联－2－萘酚）214

References220

Appendix221

Index226

Vocabulary229

Periodic Table of the Elements235